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What Was The Most Influential Religion In The Songhai Empire Judaism Animism Islam Christianity

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Religious overview

Religion in Africa, 2020[one]

 Others (one%)

Organized religion in Africa is multifaceted and has been a major influence on art, civilisation and philosophy. Today, the continent'southward various populations and individuals are mostly adherents of Christianity, Islam, and to a bottom extent several traditional African religions.[2] In Christian or Islamic communities, religious beliefs are likewise sometimes characterized with syncretism with the beliefs and practices of traditional religions.[three] [4] [5]

Traditional African religions [edit]

Africa encompasses a wide variety of traditional beliefs.[half-dozen] Although religious customs are sometimes shared by many local societies, they are ordinarily unique to specific populations or geographic regions.[7] All traditional African religions are united by a shared animistic cadre with special importance to ancestor worship.[8]

According to Dr J Omosade Awolalu, The "olden" in this context means indigenous, that which is foundational, handed downwardly from generation to generation, meant as to be upheld and practised today and forevermore. A heritage from the by, notwithstanding non treated equally a thing of the past merely that which connects the by with the present and the present with eternity.[5]

Often spoken of in the terms of a singularity, deliberate; even so conscious of the fact that Africa is a large continent with multitudes of nations who take circuitous cultures, innumerable languages and myriad dialects.[5]

West African [edit]

The essence of this school of thought is based mainly on oral transmission; that which is written in people's hearts, minds, oral history, customs, temples and religious functions.[9] It has no founders or leaders like Gautama Buddha, Jesus, or Muhammed.[x] It has no missionaries or the intent to propagate or to proselytise.[xi] Some of the African traditional religions are those of the Serer of Senegal, the Yoruba and Igbo of Nigeria, and the Akan of Ghana and the Ivory Coast, and the Bono of Ghana and Ivory Declension. The western declension is also consisted of the Yoruba and Anglican religion of syncretism.[12] The religion of the Gbe peoples (generally the Ewe and Fon) of Benin, Togo and Republic of ghana is called Vodun and is the master source for similarly named religions in the diaspora, such as Louisiana Voodoo, Haitian Vodou, Cuban Vodú, Dominican Vudú and Brazilian Vodum. Many of these religions nonetheless hold stiff in today's guild, but there is a rising in diversity for established religions.

E Africans and Horners [edit]

Some distinctions between West African and Eastward or Horn African traditional religion often includes considering the supernatural and natural or tangible equally existence ane and the aforementioned, and using this opinion to contain divination. Clergymen from this region who would historically catechize to the masses was oft referred to as waganga.[thirteen] Some other distinction of East African and Horners is the greater prevalence of prophets inside the oral traditionas and other forms of generational transmissions of traditional African religion.[14]

The well-nigh prominent ethnic deity among Cushitic Horners is Waaq, which continues to be manifested into the modern era with religions such equally Waaqeffanna and Waaqism.[15] According to the author Lugira, the Traditional African religions are the only religions "that can merits to have originated in Africa. Other religions establish in Africa take their origins in other parts of the earth."[xvi]

Abrahamic religions [edit]

The majority of Africans are adherents of Christianity or Islam. African people often combine the practise of their traditional conventionalities with the practise of Abrahamic religions.[17] [eighteen] [19] [20] [21] Abrahamic religions are widespread throughout Africa. They take both spread and replaced indigenous African religions, only are often adapted to African cultural contexts and belief systems. This accommodation of both has raised grown to raise problems for some families equally they start to focus on one. The Globe Volume Encyclopedia has estimated that in 2002 Christians formed 45% of the continent's population, with Muslims forming 40%. It was as well estimated in 2002 that Christians form 45% of Africa'south population, with Muslims forming forty.6%.[22]

Christianity [edit]

Christianity is at present one of the most widely expert religions in Africa along with Islam and is the largest organized religion in Sub-Saharan Africa. Several syncretistic and messianic sects take formed throughout much of the continent, including the Nazareth Baptist Church in S Africa and the Aladura churches in Nigeria. There is also fairly widespread populations of Seventh-day Adventists and Jehovah'due south Witnesses. The oldest Christian denominations in Africa are the Eastern Orthodox Church building of Alexandria, the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, and the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (which rose to prominence in the 4th century Advertizement after Rex Ezana the Great made Ethiopia one of the starting time Christian nations.[23])

In the outset few centuries of Christianity, Africa produced many figures who had a major influence outside the continent, including St Augustine of Hippo, St Maurice, Origen, Tertullian, and 3 Roman Cosmic popes (Victor I, Miltiades and Gelasius I), also equally the Biblical characters Simon of Cyrene and the Ethiopian eunuch baptised past Philip the Evangelist. Christianity existed in Ethiopia before the rule of King Ezana the Smashing of the Kingdom of Axum, but the religion grasped a strong foothold when it was declared a land religion in 330 AD, becoming ane of the kickoff Christian nations.[24]

The primeval and all-time known reference to the introduction of Christianity to Africa is mentioned in the Christian Bible's Acts of the Apostles, and pertains to the evangelist Phillip's conversion of an Ethiopian traveller in the 1st century AD. Although the Bible refers to them as Ethiopians, scholars accept argued that Ethiopia was a mutual term encompassing the area South-Southeast of Egypt.

Other traditions have the convert as a Jew who was a steward in the Queen's court.[ clarification needed ] All accounts practise concord on the fact that the traveller was a member of the royal court who successfully succeeded in converting the Queen, which in plow acquired a church to exist built. Tyrannius Rufinus, a noted church historian, also recorded a personal account as practise other church historians such as Socrates and Sozemius.[25]

Some experts predict the shift of Christianity's heart from the European industrialized nations to Africa and Asia in modern times. Yale University historian Lamin Sanneh stated, that "African Christianity was not just an exotic, curious phenomenon in an obscure part of the world, but that African Christianity might be the shape of things to come."[26] The statistics from the Globe Christian Encyclopedia (David Barrett) illustrate the emerging trend of dramatic Christian growth on the continent and supposes, that in 2025 there will be 633 meg Christians in Africa.[27]

A 2015 written report estimates two,161,000 Christian believers from a Muslim background in Africa, virtually of them belonging to some form of Protestantism.[28]

Islam [edit]

Islam is the other major organized religion in Africa alongside Christianity,[30] with 45% of the population beingness Muslim, bookkeeping for 1/four of the world's Muslim population.[ citation needed ] The faith's historic roots on the continent stem from the time of the Prophet Muhammad, whose early disciples migrated to Abyssinia (hijira) in fright of persecution from the pagan Arabs.

The spread of Islam in N Africa came with the expansion of Arab empire under Caliph Umar, through the Sinai Peninsula. The spread of Islam in W Africa was through Islamic traders and sailors. The religion had also began influencing Harla Kingdom in the Horn of Africa early on.

Islam is the dominant faith in North Africa and the Horn of Africa. It has too get the predominant organized religion on the Swahili Coast as well as the West African seaboard and parts of the interior. In that location have been several Muslim empires in Western Africa which exerted considerable influence, notably the Mali Empire, which flourished for several centuries and the Songhai Empire, nether the leadership of Mansa Musa, Sunni Ali and Askia Mohammed.

Africa By Muslim Per centum

The vast majority of Muslims in Africa are followers of Sunni Islam.[31] [32] There are as well minor minorities of other sects.[33] [34]

Judaism [edit]

Adherents of Judaism can be found scattered in a number of countries across Africa; including North Africa, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Republic of cameroon, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, Nigeria and Southern Africa.

Baháʼí Faith [edit]

The Baháʼí Organized religion in Africa has a diverse history. Information technology especially had broad-calibration growth in the 1950s which extended further in the 1960s.[35] The Association of Religion Information Archives (relying on World Christian Encyclopedia) lists many big and smaller populations of Baháʼís in Africa[36] with Republic of kenya (#3: 512,900), the Democratic republic of the congo (#five: 282,900), Southward Africa (#8: 238,500) and Zambia (#10: 190,400) among the top ten numerical populations of Baháʼís in the world in 2010, and Mauritius (#4: 1.8% of population) joining Zambia (#3: 1.viii%) and Kenya (#10: 1.0%) in the acme ten in terms of pct of the national population.

All three individual heads of the religion, Bahá'u'lláh, `Abdu'l-Bahá, and Shoghi Effendi, were in Africa at various times. More recently the roughly 2000[37] Baháʼís of Egypt take been embroiled in the Egyptian identification menu controversy from 2006[38] through 2009.[39] Since then there have been homes burned down and families driven out of towns.[xl] On the other paw, Sub-Saharan Baháʼís were able to mobilize for nine regional conferences called for by the Universal House of Justice 20 October 2008 to gloat recent achievements in grassroots community-building and to plan their side by side steps in organizing in their home areas.[41]

Hinduism [edit]

A Hindu Temple in Durban, Southward Africa.

Hinduism has existed in Africa mainly since the belatedly 19th century. In that location are an estimated 2-2.5 million adherents of Hinduism in Africa. It is the largest religion in Mauritius,[42] and several other countries take Hindu temples. Hindus came to Southward Africa as indentured laborers in the 19th century. The young Thou.K. Gandhi lived and worked among the Indian community in South Africa for twenty years before returning to Republic of india to participate in India'south freedom movement.[43]

Buddhism and folk religions [edit]

Buddhism is a tiny religion in Africa with around 250,000 practicing adherents,[44] and up to nigh 400,000[45] if combined with Taoism and Chinese Folk Faith as a common traditional religion of mostly new Chinese migrants (meaning minority in Republic of mauritius, Réunion, and South Africa). About half of African Buddhists are at present living in South Africa, while Republic of mauritius has the highest Buddhist percent in the continent, between 1.five%[46] to 2%[47] of the total population.

Other religions [edit]

Other faiths are practiced in Africa, including Aleyhim, Sikhism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism and Rastafari amidst others.[48]

Irreligion [edit]

A Gallup poll establish[ when? ] that the irreligious comprise 20% in Southward Africa, xvi% in Botswana, 13% in Mozambique, 13% in Togo, 12% in Ivory coast, x% in Ethiopia and Angola, ix% in Sudan, Zimbabwe and People's democratic republic of algeria, 8% in Namibia and vii% in Madagascar.[49]

Syncretism [edit]

Syncretism is the combining of dissimilar (often contradictory) beliefs, often while melding practices of various schools of thought. In the commonwealth of Africa syncretism with ethnic beliefs is proficient throughout the region. It is believed by some to explicate religious tolerance between different groups.[50] Kwesi Yankah and John Mbiti contend that many African peoples today accept a 'mixed' religious heritage to try to reconcile traditional religions with Abrahamic faiths.[51] [52]

Jesse Mugambi claims that the Christianity taught to Africans past missionaries had a fear of syncretism, which was carried on by electric current African Christian leadership in an attempt to keep Christianity "pure."[53] Syncretism in Africa is said by others to exist overstated,[54] and due to a misunderstanding of the abilities of local populations to grade their own orthodoxies and too defoliation over what is culture and what is religion.[ citation needed ] Others state that the term syncretism is a vague 1,[55] since information technology tin be applied to refer to exchange or modification of the central elements of Christianity or Islam with behavior or practices from somewhere else.

The consequences under this definition, according to missiologist Keith Ferdinando, are a fatal compromise of the religion's integrity. However, communities in Africa (e.g. Afro-Asiatic) accept many common practices which are also found in Abrahamic faiths, and thus these traditions do not fall under the category of some definitions of syncretism.[56]

Religious distribution [edit]

Religion in Africa by state and region, as percentage of national populationn1
Coun­try Population Islam Muslim Population Chris­ti­an­i­ty Christian Population Other Other
Angola [57] 29,250,009 1.0[58] 292,500 95 27,787,508 4.0 1,170,000
Republic of cameroon [59] 23,794,164 25[threescore] 5,158,082 65 15,466,206 10 two,787,508
Primal African Commonwealth [61] 4,737,423 15 710,613 l two,368,711 35 i,658,098
Chad [62] 15,353,184 58 8,904,846 41 6,294,805 1 153,531
Democratic Republic of the Congo[63] 84,004,989 10[64] 8,404,989 78 65,523,891 12 5,880,349
Congo-brazzaville[65] v,399,895 1.6 86,398 79 4,265,917 xix.4 1,047,579
Equatorial Republic of guinea [66] 1,222,442 ten[67] 122,2442 86 1,051,300 4.0 48,897
Gabonese republic [68] 2,067,561 10 206,756 73 1,509,319 17 351,485
São Tomé and Príncipe [69] 197,700 three 5,931 96 189,792 ane 1,977
Republic of burundi [lxx] 5,341,186 5 1,068,118 70 vi,942,770 25 two,670,296
Comoros [71] 850,688 98.three 836,226 0.7 5,954 1 8,506
Kenya [72] 50,000,000 11 5,500,000 85 42,500,000 iv 2,000,000
Republic of madagascar [73] 26,262,810 ten[74] ii,626,281 40 10,505,124 four.5[75] xiii,131,405
Malawi [76] 17,931,637 20 3,586,327 79.nine 14,327,377 0.ane 17,931
Republic of mauritius [77] 1,264,887 17.3 218,825 32.7 413,618 50 632,443
Mayotte [78] 256,518 98.8 253,439 1.two three,078 N.A Due north.A
Mozambique [79] 28,861,863 20[80] eleven,544,745 60 14,430,931 ten two,886,186
Réunion [81] 865,826 4.2 36,364 84.8 734,220 11 95,240
Rwanda [82] 12,001,136 four.viii 576,054 93.4 xi,209,061 1.viii 216,020
Seychelles [83] 94,205 1.i 1,036 93.1 87,704 5.8 five,463
Southward Sudan[65] 12,323,419 twenty[84] 2,464,683 60.five 7,455,668 19.5 2,403,066
Tanzania [85] 55,000,000 35 nineteen,250,000 61 33,550,000 4 2,200,000
Uganda [86] 38,823,100 14 v,435,234 81 31,446,711 5 ane,941,155
Republic of zambia [87] 16,887,720 1 168,877 87 14,692,316 12 2,026,526
Republic of djibouti [88] 1,049,001 97 i,017,530 three 31,470 N.A N.A
Eritrea [89] 5,200,000 36 i,872,000 63 three,276,000 i 52,000
Ethiopia [xc] 105,000,000 34 35,700,000 63 66,150,000 iii 3,150,000
Somalia [91] xv,181,925 99.8 15,171,925 0.02 10,000 N.A. N.A.
People's democratic republic of algeria [92] 42,200,000 99 41,780,000 0.28 119,128 0.02 viii,509
Arab republic of egypt [93] 97,521,500 94.7 [58] 92,352,860 5.three v,168,639 Northward.A Northward.A
Great socialist people's libyan arab jamahiriya [94] 6,470,956 99 vi,410,956 one 60,000 0.1 6470
Morocco [95] 34,779,400 99.1 34,466,385 0.9 313,014 North.A N.A
Sudan [96] 40,810,080 97 39,585,777 3 1,224,302 N.A N.A
Tunisia 11,446,300 99 eleven,423,407 0.v 50,000 0.half-dozen 43,150
Botswana [97] 2,302,878 0.six thirteen,817 79.one 1,821,576 20.3 467,484
Lesotho [98] 2,263,010 0.one 2,263 lxxx 1,810,408 19.9 450,338
Namibia [99] 2,413,643 0.4 9,654 85 2,051,596 15 362,046
S Africa [100] 57,725,600 ane.9 1,096,786 79.7 46,007,303 eighteen.v x,679,236
Eswatini [101] ane,300,000 1 xiii,000 90 i,170,000 nine 117,000
Zimbabwe [62] xiv,848,905 3 445,467 84 12,473,080 13 1,930,357
Benin [102] 11,362,269 27.vii three,147,348 48.5 5,510,700 22.6 two,567,872
Burkina Faso [103] 20,244,080 61.5 12,450,109 29.eight half dozen,032,735 viii.7 1,761,234
Cape verde [104] 544,081 2 ten,881 85 462,468 13 70,730
Ivory Coast [105] 24,571,044 42.9 10,540,977 33.9 8,329,583 23.2 5,700,482
The Gambia [106] 2,163,765 95.7 2,070,723 four.two 90,878 0.2 iv,327
Ghana[107] 29,614,337 18 5,330,580 71 21,026,179 eleven iii,257,577
Guinea [108] 11,883,516 86.ii 10,243,590 9.vii 1,152,701 iv.ane 487,224
Republic of guinea-Bissau [109] 1,584,763 45.ane 714,728 22.one 350,232 32.eight 519,802
Liberia [110] 4,382,387 27 876,477 70 [111] 1,752,954 1.5 1,752,954
Republic of mali [112] 19,107,706 95 18,152,320 two.iv 458,584 2.6 496,800
Mauritania [113] 3,984,233 99.nine 3,979,733 0.01 iv,500 Northward.A North.A
Niger [114] 21,466,863 98.iii 21,101,926 ane 214,668 0.seven 150,268
Nigeria [115] 216,730,000 50.77 110,300,300 48.12 104,300,080 N.A N.A
Senegal [116] fifteen,726,037 96.1 15,112,721 three.6 566,137 0.three 47,178
Sierra Leone [117] 7,719,729 78.half dozen vi,067,706 20.eight one,605,703 0.5 38,598
Western Sahara[118] 567,421 99.99 567,321 0.01 100 N.A. N.A
Togo [119] 7,352,000 twenty 1,470,400 29 two,132,080 51 three,749,520
Total 1,251,919,791 45.five 571,453,892 48 599,688,699 six.5 81,204,817
  1. ^ The most recent census information are used.

Run across too [edit]

  • Major religious groups
  • Religion in Asia
  • Religion in Europe
  • Religion in Oceania
  • Religion in Due north America
  • Faith in S America

References [edit]

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Further reading [edit]

  • Bongmba, Elias Kifon, ed. The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to African Religions (2012) excerpt
  • Engel, Elisabeth. Encountering Empire: African American Missionaries in Colonial Africa, 1900–1939 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2015). 303 pp.
  • Mbiti, John South. Introduction to African faith (2nd ed. 1991) excerpt
  • Olupona, Jacob K. African Religions: A Very Short Introduction (2014) excerpt
  • Parrinder, Geoffrey. African Traditional Faith. (3rd ed. London: Sheldon Printing, 1974) ISBN 0-85969-014-8
  • Parinder, East. Geoffrey. Africa's Three Religions. (2nd ed. London: Sheldon Printing, 1976). The three religions are traditional religions (grouped), Christianity, and Islam. ISBN 0-85969-096-2
  • Ray, Benjamin C. African Religions: Symbol, Ritual, and Community (2nd ed. 1999)

External links [edit]

  • African Beliefs
  • "African Traditional Faith" in "The Story of Africa" from the BBC World Service
  • Text of Atoms and Ancestors, considered a classic written report
  • Stanford Page
  • African Religions at Africa Missions Resource Centre
  • Tutelary deities of the Akan people of West Africa

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Africa

Posted by: powellhinion.blogspot.com

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